Given a set of integers, count the pairs where the difference equals a given integer d.

Consider the set of integers 1 3 5 2 4 and d = 2. The count of pairs is 3 and the pairs are 1, 3, 2, 4, and 3, 5.

Input. The input file consists of one or more cases consisting of a pair of lines. The first line of each case consists of a pair of integers separated by a single space: the length l of a subsequent list of integers and the difference d. The second line of each case consists of l integers separated by a single space. None of the integers is repeated in the list. The input file is terminated by an EOF character. Consider the following example.

Output. The output file consists of the count of pairs for each input case. The following output corresponds to the previous example input.

# Solution

The proposed solution is O(n log n).

To count the pairs in 1 3 5 2 4 that are at difference 2, consider the sorted set and the three pairs in the set.

To count those pairs, consider each integer n from left to right and look for n - d to the left of n. For example, consider the way we find pair A. For the first integer 1, there is nothing on the left, so there is no pair.

For the second integer 2, only integer 1 is to the left. Because 0 is not to the left, there is no pair.

For the third integer 3, integers 1 and 2 are to the left. Because 1 is to the left, we find our first pair, which we tag with label A.

When we look for a corresponding integer to the left, it suffices to consider the integers between the last integer to the left that we considered and the current integer (marked with ^). For example, consider the way we find pair B after we found A. We consider the fourth integer 4 and we look for 2 to the left. Because we already considered 1, we look for 2 between 1 and 4. When we find 2, we stop there and find our second pair B.

Another example that it suffices to consider integers between the last integer to the left and the current integer is when we find pair C. In this case, the current integer is 5 and we look for 3 between integers 2 and 5. When we find 3 we find pair C.